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cerebral cortex

Go to external page http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000956

The thin layer of gray matter on the surface of the cerebral hemisphere that develops from the telencephalon. It consists of the neocortex (6 layered cortex or isocortex), the hippocampal formation and the olfactory cortex.

The cerebral cortex is a structure within the brain that plays a key role in memory, attention, perceptual awareness, thought, language, and consciousness. It constitutes the outermost layer of the cerebrum. In preserved brains, it has a grey color, hence the name 'grey matter'. Grey matter is formed by neurons and their unmyelinated fibers, whereas the white matter below the grey matter of the cortex is formed predominantly by myelinated axons interconnecting different regions of the central nervous system. The human cerebral cortex is 2-4 mm (0.08-0.16 inches) thick. The surface of the cerebral cortex is folded in large mammals, such that more than two-thirds of the cortical surface is buried in the grooves, called 'sulci. ' The phylogenetically most recent part of the cerebral cortex, the neocortex, also called isocortex, is differentiated into six horizontal layers; the more ancient part of the cerebral cortex, the hippocampus (also called archicortex), has at most three cellular layers, and is divided into subfields. Relative variations in thickness or cell type (among other parameters) allow us to distinguish between different neocortical architectonic fields. The geometry of at least some of these fields seems to be related to the anatomy of the cortical folds, and, for example, layers in the upper part of the cortical ridges seem to be more clearly differentiated than in its deeper parts. [WP,unvetted][Wikipedia:Cerebral_cortex].

Synonyms: cortex of cerebral hemisphere

This is just here as a test because I lose it

Term information

database cross reference
Subsets

uberon_slim, efo_slim, pheno_slim

curator note

We follow NIFSTD in defining cerebral cortex and including both neocortex and hippocampal formation (DG+hippocampus).

database cross reference

MA:0000185

BAMS:Cerebral_cortex

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerebral_cortex

MIAA:0000108

MBA:688

MAT:0000108

EHDAA:5464

BTO:0000233

BM:Tel-Cx

EV:0100166

PBA:128011354

DHBA:10159

MESH:A08.186.211.730.885.213

BIRNLEX:1494

UMLS:C0007776

BAMS:Cx

BAMS:CTX

EFO:0000328

http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=39

GAID:629

EMAPA:17544

CALOHA:TS-0091

http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/362880003

VHOG:0000722

EHDAA2:0000234

HBA:4008

FMA:61830

BAMS:C

http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0007776

NCIT:C12443

depicted by

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7b/Cerebral_Cortex_location.jpg

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9a/Brainmaps-macaque-hippocampus.jpg

has related synonym

cortical plate (CTXpl)

brain cortex

pallium of the brain

cortical plate (areas)

cortex cerebri

cortex cerebralis

homology notes

Migration of neurons from the basal or striatal portions of the anterior part of the neural tube occurs to varying degrees in different vertebrate classes, but a true cerebral cortex is generally acknowledged to have made its first appearance in reptiles. The definition can be unambiguous, since 'cortex' simply implies the existence of a surface neuronal layer with an overlying 'zonal lamina' or 'molecular' layer containing dendrites and axons, which is separated from the underlying basal 'matrix' by white matter. Although reptilian cerebral cortex does indeed fulfill these conditions in certain locations, the separation from striatal structures is often indistinct, so that it may even be argued that some primitive dipnoans possess a pallium or cortex. Nevertheless, an extensive laminated layer separated by underlying white matter is well represented only in reptiles and mammals.[well established][VHOG]

id

UBERON:0000956

imported from

http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon.owl

present in taxon

http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_117569

taxon notes

hagfishes have independently evolved a highly laminated cerebral cortex, comparable in many ways to the cerebral cortex of mammals [http://icb.oxfordjournals.org/content/42/4/743]