The secretion of molecules (e.g. neuropeptides, insulin-related peptides or neuromodulators such as serotonin and dopamine) contained within a neuronal dense core vesicle by fusion of the granule with the plasma membrane of a neuron in response to increased cytosolic calcium levels. [ GOC:kmv http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24653208 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17553987 ]