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Autonomic Nerve Block
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D001340 |
[Interruption of sympathetic pathways, by local injection of an anesthetic agent, at any of four levels: peripheral nerve block, sympathetic ganglion block, extradural block, and subarachnoid block.
] |
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Autonomic Nervous System
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D001341 |
[The ENTERIC NERVOUS SYSTEM; PARASYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM; and SYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM taken together. Generally speaking, the autonomic nervous system regulates the internal environment during both peaceful activity and physical or emotional stress. Autonomic activity is controlled and integrated by the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM, especially the HYPOTHALAMUS and the SOLITARY NUCLEUS, which receive information relayed from VISCERAL AFFERENTS.
] |
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Autonomic Nervous System Diseases
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D001342 |
[Diseases of the parasympathetic or sympathetic divisions of the AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM; which has components located in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM and PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. Autonomic dysfunction may be associated with HYPOTHALAMIC DISEASES; BRAIN STEM disorders; SPINAL CORD DISEASES; and PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASES. Manifestations include impairments of vegetative functions including the maintenance of BLOOD PRESSURE; HEART RATE; pupil function; SWEATING; REPRODUCTIVE AND URINARY PHYSIOLOGY; and DIGESTION.
] |
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Autonomic Pathways
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D017776 |
[Nerves and plexuses of the autonomic nervous system. The central nervous system structures which regulate the autonomic nervous system are not included.
] |
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Autophagic Cell Death
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D000080549 |
[A major activation of the autophagic pathway, characterized by massive accumulation of AUTOPHAGOSOMES and CELL DEATH.
] |
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Autophagosomes
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D000071182 |
[Double-membrane, cup-shaped structures destined to become autophagosomes.
, Large spherical double-layered structures which function in AUTOPHAGY to engulf intracellular components such as ORGANELLES or pathogens. Their outer membrane then fuses with the LYSOSOME (forming the AUTOLYSOSOME) and the inner membrane and contents are digested by lysosomal HYDROLASES.
] |
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Autophagy
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D001343 |
[Lysosomal degradation of ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM by MACROAUTOPHAGY or MICROAUTOPHAGY.
, Lysosomal degradation of LIPID DROPLETS.
, The segregation and degradation of various cytoplasmic constituents via engulfment by MULTIVESICULAR BODIES; VACUOLES; or AUTOPHAGOSOMES and their digestion by LYSOSOMES. It plays an important role in BIOLOGICAL METAMORPHOSIS and in the removal of bone by OSTEOCLASTS. Defective autophagy is associated with various diseases, including NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES and cancer.
, Lysosomal degradation of RIBOSOMES.
] |
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Autophagy-Related Protein 12
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D000071192 |
[A UBIQUITIN-like modifier protein that functions in AUTOPHAGOSOME formation, CYTOPLASM to VACUOLE transport, MITOPHAGY, and nucleophagy. Conjugation with ATG5 PROTEIN or ATG10 is essential for its function. The ATG12-ATG5 conjugate acts as an E3 UBIQUITIN LIGASE-like enzyme for lipid modification of ATG8 FAMILY PROTEINS and their localization to vesicle membranes.
] |
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Autophagy-Related Protein 5
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D000071187 |
[An autophagy-related protein that functions in AUTOPHAGOSOME biogenesis. It is conjugated to the ATG12 PROTEIN via a process that is similar to UBIQUITINATION and involves the ATG7 PROTEIN and ATG10 enzyme. The ATG12-ATG5 conjugate acts as an E3 UBIQUITIN LIGASE-like enzyme and is required for the localization of ATG8 PROTEINS to AUTOPHAGOSOME vesicle membranes and modification of membrane lipids.
] |
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Autophagy-Related Protein 7
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D000071193 |
[An autophagy related protein that is similar to UBIQUITIN-ACTIVATING ENZYME E1. It functions in CYTOPLASM to VACUOLE transport (Cvt) and AUTOPHAGY by activating ATG12 PROTEIN for its conjugation with ATG5 PROTEIN, as well as the conjugation of ATG8 FAMILY PROTEINS with phosphatidylethanolamine for ATG8 association to Cvt vesicles and AUTOPHAGOSOME membranes. It is also required for the nitrogen starvation response in yeast, MITOPHAGY; and autophagic cell death induced by CASPASE 8 inhibition.
] |
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Autophagy-Related Protein 8 Family
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D000071190 |
[UBIQUITIN-like modifier proteins that function in CYTOPLASM to VACUOLE transport (Cvt), vesicle transport within the GOLGI APPARATUS, and AUTOPHAGOSOME biogenesis. They are also required for selective autophagic degradation of the nucleus (nucleophagy) and MITOPHAGY.
] |
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Autophagy-Related Protein-1 Homolog
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D000071189 |
[A serine/threonine-protein kinase that functions in AUTOPHAGY in response to starvation. It acts on the PHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOL 3-KINASE complex PIK3C3 to regulate AUTOPHAGOSOME formation. It also functions as both a downstream effector and negative regulator of mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) and is activated by AMPK, which it also negatively regulates.
] |
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Autophagy-Related Proteins
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D000071183 |
[Proteins and enzymes that function, often as components of MULTIPROTEIN COMPLEXES, to assemble AUTOPHAGOSOMES and carry out AUTOPHAGY.
] |
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Autopsy
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D001344 |
[Postmortem examination of the body.
] |
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Autoradiography
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D001345 |
[The making of a radiograph of an object or tissue by recording on a photographic plate the radiation emitted by radioactive material within the object. (Dorland, 27th ed)
] |
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Autoreceptors
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D017660 |
[Transmitter receptors on or near presynaptic terminals (or varicosities) which are sensitive to the transmitter(s) released by the terminal itself. Receptors for the hormones released by hormone-releasing cells are also included.
] |
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Autosomal Emery-Dreifuss Muscular Dystrophy
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D000083144 |
[Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy associated with mutations on LAMINS (LMNA gene).
] |
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Autosuggestion
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D001346 |
[Suggestion coming from the subject himself.
] |
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Autotrophic Processes
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D052818 |
[The processes by which organisms use simple inorganic substances such as gaseous or dissolved carbon dioxide and inorganic nitrogen as nutrient sources. Contrasts with heterotrophic processes which make use of organic materials as the nutrient supply source. Autotrophs can be either chemoautotrophs (or chemolithotrophs), largely ARCHAEA and BACTERIA, which also use simple inorganic substances for their metabolic energy reguirements; or photoautotrophs (or photolithotrophs), such as PLANTS and CYANOBACTERIA, which derive their energy from light. Depending on environmental conditions some organisms can switch between different nutritional modes (autotrophy; HETEROTROPHY; chemotrophy; or PHOTOTROPHY) to utilize different sources to meet their nutrient and energy requirements.
] |
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Autovaccines
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D054991 |
[Bacterial vaccines prepared from non-pathogenic, autologous bacteria of human origin. In Eastern Europe they are used in humans to treat chronic inflammatory disorders that are resistant to standard treatments. Worldwide they have veterinary use in all types of infectious disease.
] |
