A programmed cell death process which begins when a cell receives an internal (e.g. DNA damage) or external signal (e.g. an extracellular death ligand), and proceeds through a series of biochemical events (signaling pathway phase) which trigger an execution phase. The execution phase is the last step of an apoptotic process, and is typically characterized by rounding-up of the cell, retraction of pseudopodes, reduction of cellular volume (pyknosis), chromatin condensation, nuclear fragmentation (karyorrhexis), plasma membrane blebbing and fragmentation of the cell into apoptotic bodies. When the execution phase is completed, the cell has died. [ GOC:cjm http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18846107 GOC:go_curators http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21494263 GOC:ecd GOC:dhl GOC:mtg_apoptosis https://www.worldcat.org/search?q=bn%3A0198506732 GOC:tb ]