A specialized region of ectoderm found between the neural ectoderm (neural plate) and non-neural ectoderm and composed of highly migratory pluripotent cells that delaminate in early embryonic development from the dorsal neural tube and give rise to an astounding variety of differentiated cell types[MP]. [ MP:0009846 ]
Synonyms: NC
Term information
- BTO:0001764
- Wikipedia:Neural_crest
- MAT:0000066
- AAO:0010578
- VHOG:0000057
- EHDAA2:0004419
- UMLS:C0027789 (ncithesaurus:Neural_Crest)
- MESH:D009432
- neuronames:1366
- ZFA:0000045
- XAO:0000048
- GAID:1310
- NCIT:C34222
- FMA:86666
- SCTID:361462002
- EMAPA:32737
- MIAA:0000066
- CALOHA:TS-0676
uberon_slim, pheno_slim, vertebrate_core
Gene notes: Many factors and genes, such as Pax3 (Tremblay et al., 1995), slug (Nieto et al., 1994), AP-2 (Zhang et al., 1996; Schorle et al., 1996), and Wnt-1/3a (Ikeya et al., 1997) are expressed in the dorsal most region of the neural tube, and have been shown to be involved in the generation of neural crest cells.
EDITOR_NOTE consider including subclasses for pre- and post- migratory (e.g. sheets/paths/streams).
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8f/Neural_Crest.png
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5f/Gray644.png
Migratory cell population which delaminates from neural tube, borders surface ectoderm and neural ectoderm, and gives rise to many different tissue types.[AAO]
A cell population arising from the dorsolateral aspect of the central nervous system primordium during the segmentation period, and later migrating along stereotyped pathways to give rise to a diverse and well-defined set of cell types including pigment cells, peripheral neurons and glia, and head cartilage. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO]
We conclude that the neural crest is a vertebrate novelty, but that neural crest cells and their derivatives evolved and diversified in a step-wise fashion - first by elaboration of neural plate border cells, then by the innovation or co-option of new or ancient metazoan cell fates.[well established][VHOG]
A well developed neural crest population is present in lampreys (Horigome et al. 1999 ; Tomsa & Langeland, 1999) and gnathostomes. chordate fossils from the early Cambrian (Yunnanozoan and Haikouella) with apparent neural-crest derived structures (pharyngeal denticles and pharyngeal skeletons resembling the striped mucocartilage of the branchial bars in lamprey ammocoete larvae), suggests that neural crest arose very early in vertebrate evolution (Chen et al. 1999; Holland & Chen, 2001). The invertebrate chordates apparently lack defini- tive neural crest. One marker of migrating neural crest in some vertebrates, the antibody HNK1, does not recognize any cells in amphioxus embryos (Holland, unpublished). Even so, in both amphioxus and tunicates, cells at the edges of the neural plate and adjacent nonneural ectoderm share some properties of neural crest[PMID:11523831]
Term relations
- structure with developmental contribution from neural crest
- germ layer / neural crest
- ectoderm-derived structure
- part of some neurectoderm
- composed primarily of some migratory neural crest cell
- develops from some neural fold
- in taxon some Craniata
- existence starts during some neurula stage
- develops from some neural plate
- adrenal medulla
- dermis connective tissue
- corneal primordium
- periodontal ligament
- parasympathetic ganglion
- corneal endothelium
- pre-dentine
- palatine bone
- facial skeleton
- mesenchyme derived from neural crest
- scleral cartilage
- suprachoroid lamina
- stroma of thyroid gland
- 1st arch mesenchyme from neural crest
- 1st arch maxillary mesenchyme from neural crest
- 1st arch mandibular mesenchyme from neural crest
- 3rd arch mesenchyme from neural crest
- 2nd arch mesenchyme from neural crest
- 6th arch mesenchyme from neural crest
- 4th arch mesenchyme from neural crest
- branchial basket
- chromaffin system
- neural crest-derived structure
- skeletal element of eye region
- mandibular process mesenchyme from neural crest
- maxillary process mesenchyme from neural crest
- pharyngeal arch mesenchyme from neural crest
- paraganglion (generic)
- sensory root of trigeminal nerve
- Meckel's cartilage pre-cartilage condensation
- dental follicle
- bone of lower jaw
- endocardial cushion
- ultimobranchial body
- facial nerve
- ear
- ciliary muscle
- vagus nerve
- jaw skeleton
- adrenal gland
- pharyngeal arch
- structure with developmental contribution from neural crest
- heart
- clavicle bone primordium
- pharyngeal arch artery
- interrenal gland
- stria vascularis of cochlear duct
- thyroid gland
- dermis
- parasympathetic nervous system
- camera-type eye